• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention submersible floating work or storage platform consists of a hybrid structure of steel or concrete and polymeric materials in the form of bags of variable volume, design and behavior similar to that of bellows, intended to serve as a basis for operations on still waters, by example to make constructions of marine structures of large dimensions and weights, thus facilitating their placement in the sea, or to store loads, mainly when these are variable in time and/or space. Modular system that comprehends air compression and distribution systems and their control system. Each of the bags has a simple and easily controllable air filling and emptying system, which allows each one to have an adequate pressure to adjust to the load that at each moment has the point of the platform located on it. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2660913A1
    申请号:ES201600706
    申请日:2016-08-26
    公开日:2018-03-26
    发明作者:Juan Pablo NEBRERA SALCEDO
    申请人:Clecoser S L；Clecoser SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     5 10 DESCRIPTION Submersible floating work or storage platform TECHNICAL SECTOR Platform for the construction and launching of large marine artifacts, cargo storage in ports and similar applications BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A) Current alternatives for the construction of large structures Marinas are: 15 A1.-Drawers They are used to build heavy concrete structures; They are very efficient for simple structures. They require considerable preparation for each specific project, so they are more suitable for long series (for example, drawers to build docks). They have a high initial investment cost (tens of millions of EUR). Its storage, when they are not being used, requires the use of space within a port. Its buoyancy is based on a steel barge that serves as the basis for the construction, and which is submerged, by simple admission of water (and evacuating the same volume of air) as ballast to its fixed volume tanks, as it progresses the construction, until the floating of the constructed element (the concrete drawer) occurs. They have maximum dimensions above which their costs 25 cease to be interesting A2.-Floating docks are used for construction and, above all, naval repair. They also have a significant initial cost, and are based on the same principle, also using steel as a material, compartmentalized in fixed-volume ballast tanks to which water is allowed in or pumped to vary buoyancy; In short, the principle is the same as that of a metal barge. The vessel or artifact is built dry, with the dike floating, and when it is going to be put back into the sea the dike is partially flooded with water at atmospheric pressure, evacuating the same volume of air, and lowered until the vessel or artifact floats. They have the same advantages and disadvantages as the previous ones, although they are more oriented to the construction and repair of ships and steel devices, less heavyA3.-Off-Ioading barges They are used to perform the off-Ioading maneuver of a construction carried out in a ground yard. The construction slides or moves on skidders on the barge, which is then removed to 5 deeper waters where it totally or partially submerges and releases the cargo, which floats off. Likewise, these are relatively expensive elements that are based on the use of fixed volume barges with greater or lesser ballast of sea water at atmospheric pressure in their different compartments. 10 A4.-Shipyard stands 15 They are well known; the construction is done in a certain inclination, almost always in steel, and when it is in a position to float it is thrown into the water. A variant is the construction of an inclined plane on which a wedge-shaped auxiliary structure slides in a controlled manner, on which the element to be placed in the sea is built. A5.-Dry docks These are excavated areas near the sea, which are put dry for construction. Once finished, they are flooded to float the construction, the dike that prevented the entry of water is removed and the construction is towed out of the dry dock. To reuse it, one must return 20 to close the communication with the sea, pump the water that has been left inside and start building. The main drawback is the difficulty of finding suitable places and the cost of excavation and the system to close and open access to the sea. They usually also have high water pumping costs to keep them dry, as there are leaks from the sea. 25 B) on the other hand, and in relation to the possible application of the devices proposed for storage, docks, auxiliary surfaces in sea and river ports, etc. Floating or driven to the bottom, there are numerous solutions: B1.-Pilot springs, used since time immemorial 30 B2.-Floating docks and dikes, built with steel or concrete, with fixed hollow volume over time to ensure buoyancy, and generally tied to the bottom, which must have a large mass, and consequently large volume displaced, when they must be used to withstand significant loads, especially if these are variable, so that excessive differential vertical displacements between more or less loaded areas are avoided. 35 e) In relation to the Patent Technology Report made by the SPTO at the request of the Applicant, identified as 75315 / P6792, with the title "floating modular surface" the following are the main differences identified between the inventions thatThey include some of the descriptions included in the ITP and the one proposed: C1-WO 2007083292A2 The fundamental differences between the invention proposed and the platform described in this file are: the active nature of the technical concept requested, as opposed to to the passive character 5 of the platform described in WO 2007083292A2, and the basic fact that in it the air pressure is practically constant, while one of the essential aspects of the invention that arises is that the air pressure in each cell It is variable for each of them and at any time depending on the load it supports and the height above the level of water that you want to maintain. In fact, in the platform described in WO 2007083292A2 the elements of 10 variable volume operate at virtually constant pressure passively, varying their individual volume based on the individual height relative to the level of water imposed by the waves, while the pressure of the Air or fluid in the elements (bellows) is practically the same, since they are communicated with each other. It seems to be clear from the description that the pressure of the variable-volume elements is slightly higher than atmospheric to provide buoyancy to the assembly, but already in the first claim it makes clear that the elements are joined together so that the air or other fluid freely pass from one to another In WO 2007083292A2 the variable buoyancy of the elements is used to dampen the effect of the waves, and not to proactively compensate for the different loads that may exist at different times in different parts of the platform. A platform such as that described in WO 20 2007083292A2 would be inclined, for example, if it had a concentrated load on one end, since there is no mechanism in the described apparatus to compensate for this difference in load with a different buoyancy between the elements located under the load and the rest of the platform. There is no system, as in the case of the requested patent, to vary at will the pressure of each of the elements of buoyancy variable depending on the load to be supported, the desired relative water levels and the desired inclination for the platform set. Therefore, the structure must withstand the loads that occur as a result of the differential load in different areas of the platform and the almost constant buoyancy of each cell, since each of them varies its volume adjusting to the height of the wave so that its pressure is not significantly altered, except 30 for the losses of load that the fluid suffers when passing from one to another elements with a certain speed. In summary, although the physical description is similar, the technical concept, the form of operation, the operational objective and the load behavior, especially when it comes to variable and unevenly distributed loads on the platform, is radically different . In addition, on the platform whose patent is applied there is necessarily a control system (manual or automated), which allows the pressurized air injection system to differentially pressurize each of the variable buoyancy elements. C2.-US3788254AThis document describes a platform that is designed for a given load a priori. The volume of each hollow space, or filling of some floating material, is constant, and has been designed primarily to support the load that, in its operational state, will support that segment or area of the platform, and that is not supposed to vary with time; In our 5 invention it is possible to vary in time and space the buoyancy of each element, to adapt it to the load supported, to which it is assumed variable, as evidently is the case of a construction that is carried out on the platform. It is therefore a radically different system: in US3788254A the buoyancy of each element cannot be altered at will once installed, and of course it cannot be submerged at will to float the load once its construction is finished. C3.-W02014105004A1 This patent is somewhat confusing in its description, but, as regards the elements that generate buoyancy, it describes them as a piston or diaphragm that moves inside a rigid cylinder, and not as a bellows built with polymeric material. The variation of the buoyancy that is pursued has a different objective from the one we pursue with the proposed invention, such as regulating the speed of ascension of a load located on the seabed, and not reducing the efforts to support the upper structure of a platform, or to regulate the progressive and controlled immersion of it maintaining its horizontality. Therefore, neither for the application that is intended to be resolved, nor for the use of the same conceptual solution, is this patent comparable to the one proposed. C4.-W02013006881A1 This patent is also substantially different from the one proposed, mainly because it does not describe a spring type solution of variable volume and pressure, but rather fixed bodies open to the surface of the water in its lower part; The variation in the pressure of the air contained in these bodies may naturally be due to the compression or depression between the rising or falling level of the water caused by the swell and the stress of the surface whose weight is sustained; The induced variations of this pressure, using air compressors, are presented as a means of tilting the platform or maintaining it at a certain level, but in no case as a response to a variation in the time of the load supported by the platform. 30 EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION Any platform intended to support loads in an aquatic environment, opposing them with the buoyancy of hollow bodies or filled with a material with a density less than water presents basic technical issues, especially those derived from buoyancy differences 35 in different points due to the waves and those due to the variations of the supported load that occur in time and space, in relation to the calculation hypotheses. If we also intend that this platform can submerge or emerge at will, or lean withincertain limits, and in a controlled manner, even with their burden on them, these issues are complicated. Finally, the economy in terms of the dimensioning of the support structure, the construction system and the solutions for putting it in water also condition the technical solutions adopted. 5 Since the mechanical loads, and consequently, the sizing of the physical elements, depends on the efforts generated upwards by the buoyancy elements versus those generated downwards by the fixed or variable loads, which is proposed in our invention. is to equalize these efforts at each moment, by measuring the loads at each moment and the variation of the buoyancy of each point, all within certain limits that, for example, would occur in floating structures on sheltered waters, in which The efforts due to buoyancy changes are relatively minor, but where there may be large variations in load, although not too fast in time, as is the case of a construction that is carried out on the platform or a bulk load on the same . Taking into account that it is, in one of the preferred configurations, to solve the problem of construction and putting in the water of heavy floating structures (for example, drawers for ports, or foundations of off-shore wind generators, for example that due to its dimensions do not fit in drawers or dry docks) the proposed system allows the platform to sink with its load once the construction of the platform is finished (or a phase of it that allows the floating of the built part) until it is floating, making the platform emerge again 20 once the load is towed out of its vertical. The proposed invention aims to solve these questions in an innovative way, using well-known physical principles and making use of advances in materials, sensors and control systems. Compared to the solutions adopted so far, some of which have been commented on in the previous section, arguing why none of them are comparable to the one described here, it is proposed to use variable pressure air chambers in the form of bellows, so that they acquire a greater volume and / or pressure when they are injected with air or they are reduced by letting some of the pressurized air they contain out, all using the set of sensors and control system described in more detail below. 30 The assembly Fig. 1, Fig 2 and Fig 3 essentially comprises: 35 a) a flat platform Fig 1 supported on a typical beam or lightened structure Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, under which closed elements are located in general form of bellows (Fig 3, (2) and Fig. 4), constructed in polymeric material resistant to water and / or marine environment, of variable volume and pressure that are filled, at will and individually, totally or partially air under presure,5 b) a control system that can operate automatically, in response to signals from sensors that allow measuring the load supported by each element, air pressure sensors in each bellows and platform level sensors on the water in different points, for, depending on several operating modes and / or pre-programmed setpoints, to modify the pressure in each bellows (by air injection or allowing its exit, through the action on the corresponding inlet (4a) and outlet valves (4b) of air to each bellows) for the performance of certain operations (ie maintenance of the height above the water and the horizontality before changes in the amount and position of the loads, immersion and emersion of the set, controlled inclination), and 10 c) a pressurized air injection system with its corresponding piping system that allows all air bellows to reach a pressure somewhat higher than the maximum design of the i nestalación, which allows to regulate the individual pressure in each element through the action of the control system on the air inlet and outlet valves. 15 By way of example, in a preferred embodiment, the air pressure in each oscillating element between 1 kP and 100 kP, providing a buoyancy of the same value, which, discounting a platform weight in vacuum of the order of 50 kg / m2 would leave a maximum net bearing capacity of the order of 10 Tm per m2, sufficient to accommodate the construction, for example, of a concrete structure of 10,000 Tm on a platform of 20 about 1000 m2, provided that the load is homogeneous throughout the entire surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To aid in the interpretation of the description, and not limited to, some drawings are included as follows: 25 Fig. 1.-Shows a top view of the platform consisting of several modules Fig. 2.-View bottom of a module showing the support structure, with orientative dimensions for a preferred embodiment Fig. 3.-Section of a partially swollen bellows-bag element, corresponding to a preferred embodiment, where additional fixed buoyancy elements (3) have been incorporated which 30 facilitate the installation of the modules in the water and their subsequent connection Fig. 4.-Section of an isolated floating element of the platform Fig. 5.-Top view of the isolated floating element 35 Fig. 6 Y 6b.-Illustrates a platform with a bulk load (eg coal) showing the different degree of pressure, and consequently, of extension, of the elements of variable buoyancy.PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment would be a floating surface that serves as the basis for various operations, such as building a concrete structure, of the drawer type, which in turn will be put into float once built. 5 In this configuration, we can think for example of a necessary rectangular surface of 90 * 60, from which a smaller rectangle, of 75 * 50, will be occupied by the concrete structure to be built, leaving some free side bands for the circulation of people and means of construction, of relatively less weight than the structure to be built. The floating surface, which in this configuration we will suppose of steel, is composed of a 10 steel platform Fig. 1 composed of a plurality of modules of which only three (1 a) are represented, whose upper surface, which corresponds to a sheet steel thickness around 6-10 mm, is flat, while at the bottom this sheet is reinforced by longitudinal and transverse beams Fig. 2 (1 b) braced (1 c) that help spread evenly the differences of load that still exists despite the matching system proposed, and that may not be sufficient to guarantee in all cases the perfect equality between load and buoyancy applied at each point. In the gaps between the beams Fig. 2 (1 d) the upper part of the bellows bags Fig. 3 (2) is housed. A top view of the bellows bag assembly in this preferred embodiment, before being mounted on the platform structure, is shown in Fig. 5, while Fig. 4 shows a section of this assembly. Along the beams run the compressed air pipes (in the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 3 the rectangular section elements of the beams themselves also channel the compressed air) and the connections of the air pressure and tension sensors of the beams that allow to control the state of load of the structure and the height relative to the level of the sea. The spaces destined for the bags, depending on the final design of the bags and their degree of rigidity, can be separated from each other, vertically, by walls (eg, in the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 3 vertical compartments of a floating material (3) have been designed, such as expanded polystyrene, which provides additional buoyancy that can help sea-mount operations). 30 They can also be held in position by adding, in some of the bellows folds, rings attached to the beams with the same lengths that prevent the bellows from being stretched as a result of increased air pressure lose your vertical position The platform designed in this way can have an estimated weight of about 100 Kg / m2 (in case of steel construction), and a gross bearing capacity, with bags of, e.g. 5 meters in length, 5,000 Kg / m2. The example platform (90 * 60m2), with the surface just at sea level, would consist of15x15 modules of 6x4 m2, and could support the construction and commissioning of a concrete structure of about 20,000 tons. If the length of the bags is extended to 10m (which depends on the draft available in the area of the port in question), the gross load capacity could be of the order of 5 45,000 Tm. Naturally, the concrete design of the platform, as well as the chosen material, steel or concrete, would be the most suitable for the type and distribution of loads to be supported. The cost of such a platform of 90x60 m2 would be around € 3-5 million, on the order of 10 times less than any other solution for the same technical problem. 10 The modules of 4x6 m2 would be built in series in workshop and would have a weight of about 2.5 Tm, perfectly manageable by the cranes of any metal structures workshop. To each structure module the bags, fixed to the beams and the sheet, the sensors and the compressed air pipes, would be added. As an alternative construction method (especially in the preferred embodiment in which additional fixed buoyancy elements are added), the beam frame would be constructed first, without the top plate. Then the additional fixed flotation elements would also be installed, so that the element could be put into water. The bellows-bag assemblies would be introduced one by one through the holes in the structure, the connections to the air system would be installed and, finally, the upper plate would be installed supported on the beam of each of the floating elements and on the 20 own structure. Each bag would go, at the time of construction, fully folded, so that it would remain within the hollow of the fixed buoyancy element. Depending on the use (eg, if it is expected that the bags may at some time rest on the seabed) the bag of polymeric material will be protected on its underside by another sheet of resistant material, for example, but not necessarily, steel, which protect the polymeric material from excessive mechanical aggressions that it could have as a result of its pressure on the seabed. The beams of each module will be equipped at each end with a flange-shaped piece that allows its rapid mechanical connection with the beams of the adjacent modules to which they will be joined to form the assembly. The design and sizing of these joints is well known for the state of the art. 30 In the case of using concrete in the resistant elements (each module would resemble a lightened slab, in which one of the bellows bags would be housed in each cell), the flanged joint would be replaced by a tongue and groove, to facilitate the coupling, with some sheaths in each module that allow them to be linked by means of post-tension cables. In this case the dismantling of the platform would be much more problematic. 35 Furthermore, the solution with concrete, in principle more economical, has the disadvantage of making it difficult to accommodate the compressed air system, which should ideally be embedded in the reinforced concrete beams.The connection between metallic modules can be done once in the water, approaching them and tightening the joining mechanism (which can be by simple screws / nut or by more sophisticated quick joining methods) or more comfortably on land, depending on the lifting means Available at the port. The modules or assemblies of modules connected to the ground will be placed on the 5th sea with a crane of the existing ones in the port and, once in the water, the bags will partially swell to raise the modules (or assemblies) to the same height above the water level, so as to facilitate its approach, positioning (using some cat or provisional tool) and tied up to constitute the set of the platform to the desired size. Alternatively, as in the case of the preferred embodiment, rigid floating elements can be incorporated that allow the platform to float in the absence of a load, to facilitate the initial assembly of the platform at sea. The capacity and smooth operation of the Compressed Air System is very important for the proper operation of the platform. The compressors must provide a low pressure flow (of the order of 2-3 Kg / cm2) that must be proportional to the size of the platform and the speed at which the loads on the platform are modified. In all cases, sensors will be added to detect the loads supported by the platform at each point, the air pressure in each element and the level relative to the surface of the water, which allows real-time monitoring of the state of charge of the platform, and act on the air control valves to modify the volume of each bellows bag so that the effort supported by the beams is minimized, and the height over the water and the inclination of the platform are controlled. The set or sets of modules may, depending on the specific design for the application in question, constrained between auxiliary floating piles or dikes or tied to the bottom. In certain cases they may be tied to platforms that in turn must be supported, anchored or tied to the bottom. In other cases the platform will be mounted in confined spaces within the aquatic environment by means of vertical walls, grilles or networks of diverse materials, which make it unnecessary to tie it. The level of the platform over that of the water can be varied, within certain limits, which depend on the specific design, between several meters above (during the construction of the structure, for example) and several below (during floating of the structure once built) In applications with significant and frequent variations in the distribution of loads, the elements of variable buoyancy will be provided in their contact with the support platform, or the load distribution beams themselves, of sensors of pressure or tension that allow the differential pressure system of the bags to be automatically activated so that their bearing capacity is automatically increased or decreased, so that the tension in the beams is decreased, adapting the pressures (and consequently the volume) of the bags to the variable conditions of the load automatically, so that the variable buoyancy of theBags are always compensating as accurately as possible the distribution of loads on the surface at all times. Some of the most interesting applications a priori for the invention would be the following: 5 1. Basis for building marine structures of great weights and dimensions, subsequently carrying out their flotation with great ease and economy 2. Basis for provisional work areas on the marine or aquatic surface, in sheltered areas, when it is desired to work around ships, semi-submersible platforms, etc. performing maintenance, painting, etc. replacing metal or other barges 3. Base for storage of goods and materials of all kinds on a low-cost floating surface, in sheltered waters 4. Base for buildings or swamps of all types to be located on floating surface in ports, lakes or rivers 15 5. Base for construction or lifting machinery in the same circumstances 6. Fast construction of floating bridges over rivers or lakes, starting from easily transportable modules of relatively small weight and volume The main advantages would be: 20 ./ Reduce the investment cost, by increasing the flexibility of use; Depending on the size of the construction in question, modules can be added to expand the available surface. The modules are thus reusable successively in many different types of constructions. ./ Versatility in terms of module design, which can be designed for maximum loads per unit area and for specific load profiles, further reducing the cost when the loads to be supported are lower and more uniform. In the case where maximum drafts, either during construction or at the time of unloading and floating the structure are a problem, you can go to special designs that further expand the bearing capacity of the support structure. 30 ./ Easy to deploy and fold back the support structure, without occupying a sheet of water in the port when the structure is not being used. ./ Reduce maintenance costs, as this can be done when the modules are grounded for storage between the two uses. ./ Support much more easily, and with much less mass, variable loads in terms of their spatial and temporal distribution, within the design limits of the structure ./ When operating on variable draft, so that some of the bellows reach the bottom, the bellows that reach the bottom will continue to work based on it, without5 10 cause any difficulty, since the pressure inside will always be regulated according to the load that supports its surface element ./ This solution can be combined with others, of general knowledge or subject to other patents, to reduce the costs of platforms for construction, storage or other uses that must be operated in less sheltered waters or on the high seas, improving two key aspects that are resolved with the present invention: (i) the possibility of submerging the platform when excessive waves are anticipated for its characteristics design and (ii) adapt buoyancy at all times to the actual distribution of loads on the upper surface, provided that these load variations are not excessively fast, given the flow limitations with which the compressed air system has been designed . 
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    CLAIMS 1.-Submersible floating platform characterized by having variable buoyancy at will in the various areas of the platform thanks to a plurality of elements of variable buoyancy 5 EFVs), filled with air at adjustable pressure, of variable volume, located under the platform, in such a way that the buoyancy of each cell compensates for the load that the platform area located on this cell supports at all times. The set essentially comprises: A) a flat platform supported on a typical beam or lightened structure, under which are located some closed elements in the general form of bellows, built in polymeric material resistant to water and / or marine environment, of variable volume and pressure that are filled, at will and individually, totally or partially with pressurized air, B) a control system that can operate automatically, in response to signals from sensors that allow to measure the load supported by each element, air pressure sensors in each bellows and level sensors of the platform on the water at 15 different points, to, depending on various operating modes and / or pre-programmed setpoints, modify the pressure in each bellows (by injection of air or enabling its outlet, through the actuation of the corresponding air inlet and outlet valves to each bellows) to carry out certain operations (ie maintenance height above water and horizontality in the face of changes in the amount and position of the loads, immersion and emersion of the set, controlled inclination), and C) a pressurized air injection system with its corresponding piping system that allows make all the bellows get air at a pressure slightly higher than the maximum design of the installation, which allows to regulate the individual pressure in each element through the action of the control system on the air inlet and outlet valves. 2. Platform according to claim 1, characterized in that its elements of variable buoyancy are provided with a protection made of steel plate or other resistant material attached to its lower part, for the case in which this part rests on the seabed. 3.-Platform according to previous claim 1, characterized in that fixed buoyancy elements are incorporated to facilitate assembly and placing in water, whose elements can be placed in each cell creating a gap through which the bags-bellows will extend when inflated. 4.-Platform , according to all or some of the preceding claims, characterized in that, by adding a system of union by means of screws, flanges or the like, it constitutes a module capable of being associated with other modules to give rise to larger platforms, andwhose air supply and buoyancy control systems are combined or integrated with others to optimize the behavior of the assembly 5 -Procedure for the manufacture and placing in water of a Platform according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that (i) the manufacture and construction in port is done on the basis of modules that, with the bellows in a state of minimum volume, are of an almost flat rectangular shape, with weight and size such that they can be easily thrown away with means usually available in ports, such as cranes or dry docks, (ii) once in the water, they will be filled with air as required to regulate the desired height, being able to join other modules to give rise to a surface of the required extension, 10
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2660913B1|2019-01-22|
    WO2018037141A1|2018-03-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2006001796A1|2004-06-09|2006-01-05|Float Inc.|Floating platform method and apparatus|
    IL173254D0|2006-01-19|2007-03-08|Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd|Floating platform|
    ITMI20062238A1|2006-11-22|2008-05-23|Insulae Natantes S R L|FLOATING MODULE AND MODULAR FLOATING STRUCTURE WITH VARIABLE SET-UP.|
    KR20140029880A|2012-08-31|2014-03-11|박영현|Airbag pontoon|
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    ES201600706A|ES2660913B1|2016-08-26|2016-08-26|Floating submersible work or storage platform|ES201600706A| ES2660913B1|2016-08-26|2016-08-26|Floating submersible work or storage platform|
    PCT/ES2017/070501| WO2018037141A1|2016-08-26|2017-07-11|Submersible floating work or storage platform|
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